If I were to go back in time and tell myself about transfering energy/types of energy, I would first say that energy is the result of work being done on a system. There are four types of energy:
Kinetic Energy- speeding up
Gravatational Potential Energy- falling
Elastic Potential Energy- stretching
Internal Energy- friction
An example of kinetic energy is a cart rolling downhill speeding up. A book being dropped from a building is an example of gravatational potential energy, and a trampoline stretching down is an example of elastic potential energy. An example of internal energy, is a cart being given one push on a flat surface and slowing down because of friction.
To transfer energy, you must do work. (exert a force) An example of transfering energy is pushing a cart. If you push a cart, you are giving it "rolling ability" or the ability to roll. Giving the cart this ability is giving it kinetic energy.
Another example is picking up a dictionary and dropping it on a piece of chalk. By doing this, you are giving the dictionary "chalk smashing ability" or the ability for the dictionary to smash chalk. You are giving the dictionary gravatational potential energy.
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